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[原创]质量管理八项基本原则

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linsen 发表于 2008-3-4 11:08:47 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b><span>质量管理八项基本原则</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b><span></span></b><font face="宋体"><b><span><span>1.<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span>以顾客为关注焦点</span></b></font><span>(包括相关方)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>组织依存于顾客。因此,组织应理解顾客当前和未来的需求,持续满足顾客要求并争取超越顾客期望。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>a)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>调查、识别并理解顾客(包括相关方)当前和未来的需求和期望;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>b)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>确保组织的目标与顾客的需求和期望相结合;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>c)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>确保在组织内对顾客的需求和期望进行有效的沟</span><span>通</span><span>;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>d)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>监视、测量顾客的满意程度并根据结果采取相应的活动或改进措施;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>e)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>系统地管理好与顾客的关系。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span><span>2.<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span>领导作用<span><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>领导者确立组织统一的宗旨及方向。并应当创造并保持使职工能充分参与实现组织目标的内部环境。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>a)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>考虑所有相关方的需求和期望;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>b)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>为组织描绘清晰的未来远景,确定富有挑战性战略目标,并确保在组织内的有效沟通;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>c)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>在所有层次上建立价值共享、公平公正和道德伦理观念;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>d)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>为职工提供所需的资源和培训,并赋予相应的职责和权限;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>e)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>管理评审及纠正措施。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span><span>3.<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span>全员参与<span><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>各级人员都是组织之本,只有他们充分参与,才能使他们的才干为组织带来效益。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>a)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>每个职工了解在组织中的角色及其自身贡献的重要性;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>b)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>站在经营者的立场(主人翁的责任感)去解决各种问题;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>c)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>具有持续改进意识,积极主动寻求改进;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>d)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>职工根据各自的目标评估其业绩状况;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>e)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>持续努力学习知识、积累经验、提高自身业务能力(充电)。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span><span>4.<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span>过程方法<span><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>将活动和相关的资源作为过程进行管理,可以更高效率地得到期望的结果。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span>(分包方或上一工序、过程)<b>输入</b>→<b>过程</b>→<b>输出</b>(顾客或下一工序、过程)<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>a)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>为取得预期目标或结果,系统地识别所有的活动;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>b)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>识别过程内部和外部的顾客、分包方及受益者(与组织工作的关系);<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>c)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>明确规定各过程管理的职责和权限;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>d)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>管理影响过程结果的各种因素(</span><span>++</span><span>)<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span>:人、机、料、法、环、测<span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>:管理 (<span>MANAGEMENT</span>)<span><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>:钱(<span>MONEY</span>)<span><span>&nbsp; </span></span>市场(<span>MARKET</span>)<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>e)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>识别组织职能之间与职能内部活动的接口;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>f)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>测量分析过程业绩并对过程进行改进,追究其有效性及效</span><span>率</span><span>。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span><span>5.<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span>管理的系统方法<span><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>将相互关联的过程作为系统加以识别、理解和管理,有助于组织提高实现目标的有效性和效率。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>a)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>理解组织的能力,策划确定产品实现过程及资源提供;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>b)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>建立一个体系,以最佳效果和最高效率实现组织的既定目标;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>c)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>理解体系内各过程之间的相互依赖关系;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>d)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>更好理解为实现共同目标所必需的作用、责任和权限(透明管理),以减少职能交差引起的障碍(减少内耗);<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>e)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>设定目标,并确定体系中特殊活动的运行控制方法;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>f)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>通过测量和评估(数据分析等),持续改进管理体系。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span><span>6.<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span>持续改进(<span>DCA</span>循环)<span><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>持续改进整体业绩应当是组织的一个永恒目标。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>a)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>定期对系统进行评价,识别具有改进潜力的区域;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>b)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>将产品(或服务)、过程和体系的持续改进作为组织内每位成员的永恒目标;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>c)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>为职工提供有关持续改进的方法和手段的培训;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>d)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>建立目标,以指导、测量和跟踪持续改进。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span><span>7.<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span>基于事实的决策方法<span><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>有效决策是建立在数据和信息分析的基础上。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>a)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>对目标进行测量,并收集相关信息(包括相关数据);<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>b)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>确保信息的可靠性和精确度(信息的可靠性、充分性);<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>c)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>确保信息的对象性(确保使用者能得到所需信息);<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>d)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>使用正确的分析方法(包括资料和数据);<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>e)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>基于事实分析,权衡经验与直觉,做出决策并采取措施;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>f)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>对决策方案的可行性评估并改进。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span><span>8.<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></b><b><span>与分包方互利的关系<span><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>组织与供方是相互依存的,互利的关系可增强双方创造价值的能力。<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>a)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>识别和选择关键分包方;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>b)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>在对短期收益和长期收益综合平衡的基础上,确立与分包方的关系;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>c)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>建立清晰、开放有效的沟通;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>d)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>定期对分包方进行评审;<span><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>e)<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span>对分包方所做的改进和取得的成果进行评价并予以鼓励。<span><p></p></span></span></p>
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2#
忍者无敌 发表于 2008-3-17 15:26:12 | 只看该作者
很好啊,精彩,顶[em01]
3#
angelyie111 发表于 2008-4-8 08:57:15 | 只看该作者
就该按照原则办事!
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