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汽轮机偏心度的一点知识

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ffj98521 发表于 2010-3-10 12:33:51 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">汽轮机在启动或停机过程中,偏心测量已成为必不可少的测量项目。它能测量到由于受热或重力所引起的轴弯曲的幅度。偏心是在低转速的情况下,对轴弯曲的测量,这种弯曲可由下列情况引起:原有的机械弯曲,临时温升导致的弯曲,在静态下必然有些向下弯曲,有时也叫重力弯曲。转子的偏心位置,也叫做轴的径向位置,它经常用来指示轴承的磨损以及予加的负荷大小,例如由不对中导致的那种情况。它同时也用来决定轴的方位角,方位角可以说明转子是否稳定。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font size="4"> </font>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">偏心检测系统</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">DYW-P</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">型偏心监控仪是精密测控仪表。具有报警与停机控制信号输出,设有电流输出通用接口,可与计算机等设备连接。该监控仪采用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">160</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">×</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">80</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">mm</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">)通用机箱,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">LED</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">数字显示</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">,PVC</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">彩色面膜和轻触摸键</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">外形美观,款式新颖,结构合理,安装简单,性能稳定,质量可靠,测量准确。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font size="4"> </font>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'"><font size="4">现场常发生的汽轮机偏心大有以下几种原因:</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font size="4"> </font>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">、测量装置本身有问题,造成测量值摆动大,无法读取。建议汽机检修检查处理,将机械测量与热工测量进行校对;</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font size="4"> </font>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">、汽轮对轮安装时原始张口不合格,超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">80um</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">,导致盘车时偏心大与原始值</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman">20um</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">以上。这种现象一般不易调校,要对对轮进行调整;</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font size="4"> </font>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">、运行中偏心变大,可能存在动静碰磨、油膜振荡、汽温突降或水击、汽流激振、电磁干扰、轴承油膜刚度不足、汽轮机转子部件脱落或松动等因素。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font size="4"> </font>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">、汽轮机转子出现热弯曲或出现裂纹;</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font size="4"> </font>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">、机组启动过程中汽缸温差,特别是上、下缸温差和法兰内、外壁温差超标会引起偏心增大;</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font size="4"> </font>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">、机组冷态启动暖机不好,缸体膨胀受阻,会引起偏心增大;</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font size="4"> </font>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">、机组热态启动进汽参数选择不匹配,会引起机组偏心增大;</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font size="4"> </font>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">、机组运行中轴承紧力不足或油档变形脱齿;</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font size="4"> </font>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>9</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">、轴封供汽不足也会导致偏心变大。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font size="4"> </font>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0cm="0cm"  0cm="0cm"  0pt"><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'">、汽轮机转子材质不均、应力释放不足,出现运行中热应力</span></font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font face="Times New="New"  Roman"><br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'times new="new"  roman'"><font size="4">释放造成转子质量不平衡;</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font size="4"> </font>
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阳春三月新 发表于 2010-3-12 09:25:23 | 显示全部楼层
学习一下,谢谢楼主给予大家分享。
gump1981 发表于 2010-3-27 09:40:51 | 显示全部楼层
偏心在汽轮机超过600rpm以后,就没有什么参考价值了吧。
LQS1973 发表于 2010-4-8 15:09:16 | 显示全部楼层
<p>学习一下,使用该装置的企业有多少,现在的监视手段只要安全指标不超就能满足!</p>
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