大型电站煤粉锅炉基于O2和CO浓度的燃烧控制技术的研究

大型电站煤粉锅炉基于O2和CO浓度的燃烧控制技术的研究
张军威，于  渊，张国辉
中国大唐集团技术经济研究院，北京市怀柔区庙城镇宽沟8号，邮编101402；
The Research of Combustion Control Technologies about Pulverized Coal Boiler of Large Power Station based on Consistency of O2&CO
Zhang jun wei,Yu yuan,Zhang guo hui
China Datang Technological and Econnmic Research Institute,No.8.Kuan-gou road,Miaocheng Town,Huairou District Beijing,101402 P.R.China

ABSTRACT:  Boiler combustion efficiency improvement can effective low-down net coal consumption, achieve energy-saving and emission-reduction; The principle of combustion control technologies about large pulverized coal boiler in China is based on the oxygen content of flue gas, for coal-fired generating units, measurement of oxygen content influenced by air leak, accuracy of measuring instrument and etc. It’s uncertainty. It brings lots of problems to boiler burning adjustment and makes operating personal accustomed to operate at oxygen excessive level. Subsequently this operating control mode is bound to cause boiler inefficiency and high auxiliary power ratio. This article describes a new mode of combustion control proposal, which is combustion adjustment by monitoring the content of O2 and CO simultaneously, then it makes the control accuracy and combustion efficiency increasing, and determines the optimal boiler oxygen content control point. By analyzing the CO measurement instrument it points out the importance of instrument measure accuracy to combustion adjustment.  KEY WORD: boiler combustion; efficiency; O2 and CO; zirconia; laser analysis meter;oxygen content
摘要：提高锅炉燃烧效率可以有效的降低发电机组的供电煤耗，实现节能减排；国内大型燃煤锅炉燃烧控制原则是以烟气中的含氧量为基础原则，对于燃煤发电机组, 氧量的测量受漏风、测量仪表等因素影响，不确定度很大，这给锅炉燃烧调整带来很多问题，久而久之造成运行人员习惯于大氧量运行，而这种运行控制方式势必造成锅炉效率低，厂用电率高等。文章介绍一种新型的燃烧控制方案，即通过同时监测O2和CO含量来进行燃烧调整,从而提高控制精度和燃烧效率,确定锅炉最佳氧量控制点。对CO的测量仪表进行了分析，分析仪表测量准确性对燃烧调整的重要性。
关键词：锅炉燃烧；效率；O2和CO；氧化锆；激光分析仪；最佳氧量

1 前言
电力体制改革以来，我国电力工业在优化结构上取得了巨大成就。全国发电装机容量和发电量连续16年位居世界第二，成为仅次于美国的全球第二电力大国。我国电力工业在量和质上均跻身国际先进水平。截止到2010年底全国发电装机容量达到了9.66亿千瓦，比上年增长10.56% ，“十一五”期间，电源结构调整效果明显，火电装机容量增速逐年下降，风电装机容量年均增长96.68%，水电、核电、风电等非化石能源装机比重从2005年的24.23%提高到2010年的26.53%。而且火电机组建设继续向着大容量、高参数、节能环保型方向发展。
2010年上海外高桥第三发电厂创造了全球火力发电企业的最低能耗标杆279.39克/千瓦时，但是国内火电机组的能耗水平参差不齐，因此有必要寻求更好的技术，实现大量的火电机组降低能耗水平，以实现节约型能源发展。
2 国内火电机组能耗水平

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