[分享]变压器油检测

 
<p>广州机械科学研究院设备润滑磨损监测中心、机械工业油品检验评定中心是国内最早从事油品检验评定、设备润滑磨损状态监测及故障诊断技术研究机构之一。 <br/>三十多年来，中心凭借雄厚的技术力量和先进的检测手段，以准确公正，的运作机制为准绳，为沿海地区的电力、交通、铁路、港口、矿山等行业的数百家企业以及多家国际知名石油公司提供油品分析和设备润滑磨损状态监测的技术服务，为广大企业加强设备润滑管理，实现设备视情维修，提高设备管理水平，创造了较好的经济效益和社会效益。 <br/>中心拥有油品检验评定及设备润滑磨损状态监测的资深专家。中心拥有功能齐全的现代化实验室和一批国内一流水平的分析检测仪器，为油品检验评定和设备润滑磨损工况监测技术服务提供了有力的物质保证。</p>
<p>变压器油是石油的一种分镏产物，它的主要成分是烷烃,环烷族饱和烃,芳香族不饱和烃等化合物，主要取绝缘、散热、消弧的作用。你的变压器中的油是否劣化呢？变压器油是否绝缘呢？油中含气是否超标？变压器油是否将影响安全运行呢？检测项目如下：外状、闪点、水分、酸值、水溶性酸、击穿电压、界面张力、电阻率、介质损耗因数、色谱分析、腐蚀性硫、油中含气量等。可以解决你可能存在的问题，欢迎来电咨询！</p>
<p>机械工业油品检验评定中心</p>
<p>广州机械科学研究院设备润滑与磨损状态监测中心</p>
<p>电话：020-32387917&nbsp; 13826410869 传真：020-32389648 联系人：毛文江&nbsp; </p>
<p>地址：广州市黄埔区茅岗路828号 邮政编码：510700<b></b></p>
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">变压器油的检测项目及试验意义</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">1 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">外观：检查运行油的外观，可以发现油中不溶性油泥、纤维和脏物存在。在常规试验中，应有此项目的记载。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">2 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">颜色：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">新变压器油一般是无色或淡黄色，运行中颜色会逐渐加深，但正常情况下这种变化趋势比较缓慢。若油品颜色急剧加深，则应调查是否设备有过负荷现象或过热情况出现。如其他有关特性试验项目均符合要求，可以继续运行，但应加强监视。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">3 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">水分：水分是影响变压器设备绝缘老化的重要原因之一。变压器油和绝缘材料中含水量增加，直接导致绝缘性能下降并会促使油老化，影响设备运行的可靠性和使用寿命。对水分进行严格的监督，是保证设备安全运行必不可少的一个试验项目。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">4 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">酸值：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">油中所含酸性产物会使油的导电性增高，降低油的绝缘性能，在运行温度较高时</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">如</span><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comffice:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="80" unitname="℃"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">80</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">以上</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">还会促使固体纤维质绝缘材料老化和造成腐蚀，缩短设备使用寿命。由于油中酸值可反映出油质的老化情况，所以加强酸值的监督，对于采取正确的维护措施是很重要的。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">5 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">氧化安定性：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">变压器油的氧化安定性试验是评价其使用寿命的一种重要手段。由于国产油氧化安定性较好，且又添加了抗氧化剂，所以通常只对新油进行此项目试验，但对于进口油，特别是不含抗氧化剂的油，除对新油进行试验外，在运行若干年后也应进行此项试验，以便采取适当的维护措施，延长使用寿命。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">6 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">击穿电压：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">变压器油的击穿电压是检验变压器油耐受极限电应力情况，是一项非常重要的监督手段，通常情况下，它主要取决于被污染的程度，但当油中水分较高或含有杂质颗粒时，对击穿电压影响较大。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">7 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">介质损耗因数：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">介质损耗因数对判断变压器油的老化与污染程度是很敏感的。新油中所含极性杂质少，所以介质损耗因数也甚微小，一般仅有</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">0.01%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">～</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">0.1%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">数量级；但由于氧化或过热而引起油质老化时，或混入其他杂质时，所生成的极性杂质和带电胶体物质逐渐增多，介质损耗因数也就会随之增加，在油的老化产物甚微，用化学方法尚不能察觉时，介质损耗因数就已能明显的分辨出来。因此介质损耗因数的测定是变压器油检验监督的常用手段，具有特殊的意义。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">8 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">界面张力：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">油水之间界面张力的测定是检查油中含有因老化而产生的可溶性极性杂质的一种间接有效的方法。油在初期老化阶段，界面张力的变化是相当迅速的，到老化中期，其变化速度也就降低。而油泥生成则明显增加，因此，此方法也可对生成油泥的趋势做出可靠的判断。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">9 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">油泥：此法是检查运行油中尚处于溶解或胶体状态下在加入正庚烷时，可以从油中沉析出来的油泥沉积物。由于油泥在新油和老化油中的溶解度不同，当老化油中渗入新油时，油泥便会沉析出来，油泥的沉积将会影响设备的散热性能，同时还对固体绝缘材料和金属造成严重的腐蚀，导致绝缘性能下降，危害性较大，因此，以大于</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">5%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的比例混油时，必须进行油泥析出试验。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">10 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">闪点：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">闪点对运行油的监督是必不可少的项目。闪点降低表示油中有挥发性可燃气体产生；这些可燃气体往往是由于电气设备局部过热，电弧放电造成绝缘油在高温下热裂解而产生的。通过闪点的测定可以及时发现设备的故障。同时对新充入设备及检修处理后的变压器油来说，测定闪点也可防止或发现是否混入了轻质馏份的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">油品，从而保障设备的安全运行。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">4.11 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">油中气体组分含量：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">油中可燃气体一般都是由于设备的局部过热或放电分解而产生的。产生可燃气体的原因如不及时查明和消除，对设备的安全运行是十分危险的。因此采用气相色谱法测定油中气体组分，对于消除变压器的潜伏性故障是十分有效的。该项目是变压器油运行监督中一项必不可少的检测内容</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">4.12 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">水溶性酸：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">变压器油在氧化初级阶段一般易生成低分子有机酸，如甲酸、乙酸等，因为这些酸的水溶性较好，当油中水溶性酸含量增加</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">即</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">pH </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">值降低</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，油中又含有水时，会使固体绝缘材料和金属产生腐蚀，并降低电气设备的绝缘性能，缩短设备的使用寿命。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">13</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">凝点</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">1)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">：根据我国的气候条件，变压器油是按低温性能划分牌号。如</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">25</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">45 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">三种牌号系指凝点分别为</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">-10</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">-25</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</span><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="True" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="45" unitname="℃"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">-45</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">℃</span></st1:chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。所以对新油的验收以及不同牌号油的混用，凝点的测定是必要的。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">14 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">体积电阻率：</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"  Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">变压器油的体积电阻率同介质损耗因数一样，可以判断变压器油的老化程度与污染程度。油中的水分、污染杂质和酸性产物均可影响电阻率的降低</span></p>