<font size="4"><font face="Times New Roman">2.3</font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 水分的渗入会造成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油的水解</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">EH</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油是一种磷酸酯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">它能遇水发生水解反应生成酚和羧酸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">生成的羧酸反过来可作为水解反应的催化剂。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">EH</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油在运行时基本上为密封状态</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为防止水分渗入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在油箱顶部装有干燥剂。一般情况下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水分的来源主要是吸收空气中的潮气</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如油箱盖密封不严</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">干燥剂失效</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水分可通过油箱顶渗入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在异常情况下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如事故等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">也不排除有水大量渗入。某电厂在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1996</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年底曾发现油中有大量水分</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日送样测试时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水分竟高达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.29%(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">运行油的水分标准为小于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.1%),</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">此时酸值已达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1.036mgKOH/g,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">而该机组于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1996</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日运行时取样分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">酸值为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.48mgKOH/g,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水分尚未超标</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">此后渗水日趋严重</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1996</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油中已严重进水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油液呈深棕色咖啡状</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在存放一定时间后再观察</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">上层有明显水层。从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1996</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日该样的测试结果来看</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">已严重超标</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月底至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月初</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">该油在有水存在并增加的情况下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">酸值由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.48</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">骤增至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1.036mgKOH/g,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这可解释为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在有机酸的存在下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水解反应得以加速</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">生成更多的有机酸进而又促进水解反应。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">2.4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4"> 旁路再生装置的功效较差</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">EH</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油系统都设有旁路再生装置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">该装置主要由硅藻土吸附剂和滤芯组成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">前者用于吸附劣化产物</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">后者用于过滤颗粒物。现场调研表明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">没有多少电厂是按《电厂抗燃油验收、运行监督及维护管理导则》的要求</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在机组启动的同时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">开启旁路再生装置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">之所以形成这种局面</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">主要有如下原因。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">(1)</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">旁路再生装置对油质改进功效不大</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如某厂在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油酸值为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.14mgKOH/g</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">时投上旁路再生装置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">更换吸附剂及滤芯后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">效果依然不佳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">测量油的酸值时仍为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.14mgKOH/g)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">曾怀疑是滤芯及吸附剂受潮所致</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">后经干燥处理但功效并无明显改善。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">(2)</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">再生装置一投运</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">颗粒度就超标。以上两点都表明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吸附剂的效果较差</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">且其强度不够</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">经油浸后易变松散</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">故会导致颗粒度不合格。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4"> 劣化油的红外光谱分析</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 为弄清油品的分子结构与其劣化情况的联系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">特选取几个有代表性的油样进行红色光谱分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">考查的基团主要是羟基</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(-OH)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">和羰基</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(-C=O),</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这两个基团都同油的劣化情况有直接关系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油的羟基基团越多</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">其被氧化形成有机酸的量也越多</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油中羟基的形式有多种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">主要有</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">:<br/>(1)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油中水份所含的羟基</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(H-OH);;<br/>(2)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油中的芳香烃与羟基的各种结合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如伯羟基、仲羟基、叔羟基以及酸羟基等</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">;;<br/>(3)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">以上各种形式的缔合体。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">羟基基团在温度、金属催化剂及有机酸等的存在下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">进一步氧化成醛类物质</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">醛类进一步氧化成为羧酸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这种有机酸就是导致酸值升高的直接原因</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在这一氧化过程中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">有机酸可以促进这一系列的反应过程</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一旦有机酸生成后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这种恶性循环就进一步加剧。所以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">我们在跟踪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油的劣化过程时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">通常发现一旦酸值达到一定值或超标</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">随后监测的酸值总是呈现加速上升的趋势。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">羰基基团的劣变过程与上述羟基的劣变过程类似</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">羟基的氧化过程的第一步就是生成羰基</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如醛类物质</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">),</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">第二步则是生成羧基</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">即羧酸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">我们选取了如表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">所列的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个油样</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(AKZO</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">公司产品</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">控制相同条件分别做了红外光谱分析。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span> |