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抗燃油油质劣化原因及处理对策

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哇噻 发表于 2007-8-26 08:56:18 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<font size="4"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 概述</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  近年来新建或改建的机组单机容量均为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">300MW,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为减少因油泄漏而造成火灾的潜在危害</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">汽轮机的调节系统都普遍采用抗燃油作为液压工质。目前我省已有汉川电厂、青山热电厂、襄樊电厂、荆门热电厂和阳逻电厂使用了抗燃油</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">即</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">),</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在使用过程中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">普遍反映劣化速度较快</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">难以达到额定使用寿命。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">EH</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油是一种酯类物质</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">研究表明它在外界环境作用下不产生自由基</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">更无链的传递与终止过程</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">所以采用添加抗氧化剂的方法并不能阻止其劣化。为此</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">结合现场的情况</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">从实验及有关数据出发</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油的劣化原因作一些研究分析。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">2</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油的跟踪监测及劣化原因分析</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  现场</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油的运行条件较为复杂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油的劣化正是与这些运行条件有着十分紧密的关系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">就我省使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油的机组而言</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">其油质劣化主要与下述因素有关。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">2.1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4"> 金属及密封材料对油质的影响</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在基建过程或油系统检修时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">总会有部分残存物如焊渣、金属锈蚀物等难于彻底去除</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">焊渣及金属锈蚀物会对油的劣化反应起到催化剂的作用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油作为一种酯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">其在催化剂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">金属锈蚀物及焊渣</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的作用下可部分分解为酚和羧酸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这些酸性物质的产生标志着油劣化的开始。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">现场经验还表明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油甚至能直接与某些金属物发生作用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油可以直接侵蚀与其接触的金属铬</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">或镀铬</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的管路系统</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这种侵蚀作用又会增加油中杂质含量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">促进油的劣化。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在进行油的颗粒度测试时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">我们曾多次发现油中有类似橡胶的黑色沉淀物</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">经目测初步断定为蓄能器的破损物。经检查发现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">确有蓄能器的皮囊发生破损。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">由于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油的溶剂效应</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">它会溶解与其相容性差的物质</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如皮囊的破损物、不适当的密封衬垫等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">),</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这种溶解物与油相互作用势必会改变油的理化性质</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">促进劣化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在油质监测时表现为酸值增大</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">电阻率下降和起泡倾向增加。在现场都曾发现过有蓄能器的皮囊破块浮于油中的情况</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">某厂还曾用橡胶作密封材料</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">而连接管路则尽量用不锈钢材质。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在测试颗粒度时还曾发现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油中被滤膜截留下来的某些物质在显微镜下呈现金属光泽</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">初步判断为金属微粒</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这种极微细的金属微粒对油的劣化反应有更强的催化活性。这些微粒主要是高压油流冲刷下来的金属腐蚀物。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">2.2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4"> 运行油的温度对油质的影响</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">EH</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油具有抗燃性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">但并不表示它可在高温下运行。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油在常温下的氧化速率极慢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">但在较高温度下其氧化速率会剧增。运行中一般控制温度在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">40</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">55℃,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">但由于设备或人为失误</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">过温现象总有发生。如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1990</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年汉川电厂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">号机由于电加热器误动作使</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油温达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">100℃</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">以上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">;;</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">又如油在流经油动机附近时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">由于热辐射</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">可使该段流过的油的温度远远超出正常运行时的温度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这种局部热点的存在可大大加快</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油的劣化速度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">使</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油在短期内酸值升高很快</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油也具有一般有机物的通性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">即受热易分解。另外</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在油温较高时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油能溶解其管路连接处的密封材料</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一方面会造成油泄漏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">另一方面会改变油的性质。</span></font>
 楼主| 哇噻 发表于 2007-8-26 08:57:32 | 显示全部楼层
<font size="4"><font face="Times New Roman">2.3</font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 水分的渗入会造成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油的水解</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">EH</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油是一种磷酸酯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">它能遇水发生水解反应生成酚和羧酸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">生成的羧酸反过来可作为水解反应的催化剂。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">EH</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油在运行时基本上为密封状态</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为防止水分渗入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在油箱顶部装有干燥剂。一般情况下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水分的来源主要是吸收空气中的潮气</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如油箱盖密封不严</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">干燥剂失效</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水分可通过油箱顶渗入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在异常情况下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如事故等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">也不排除有水大量渗入。某电厂在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1996</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年底曾发现油中有大量水分</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日送样测试时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水分竟高达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.29%(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">运行油的水分标准为小于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.1%),</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">此时酸值已达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1.036mgKOH/g,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">而该机组于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1996</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日运行时取样分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">酸值为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.48mgKOH/g,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水分尚未超标</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">此后渗水日趋严重</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1996</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油中已严重进水</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油液呈深棕色咖啡状</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在存放一定时间后再观察</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">上层有明显水层。从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1996</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日该样的测试结果来看</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">已严重超标</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月底至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月初</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">该油在有水存在并增加的情况下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">酸值由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.48</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">骤增至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1.036mgKOH/g,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这可解释为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在有机酸的存在下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">水解反应得以加速</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">生成更多的有机酸进而又促进水解反应。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">2.4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4"> 旁路再生装置的功效较差</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">EH</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油系统都设有旁路再生装置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">该装置主要由硅藻土吸附剂和滤芯组成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">前者用于吸附劣化产物</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">后者用于过滤颗粒物。现场调研表明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">没有多少电厂是按《电厂抗燃油验收、运行监督及维护管理导则》的要求</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在机组启动的同时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">开启旁路再生装置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">之所以形成这种局面</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">主要有如下原因。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">(1)</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">旁路再生装置对油质改进功效不大</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如某厂在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油酸值为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.14mgKOH/g</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">时投上旁路再生装置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">更换吸附剂及滤芯后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">效果依然不佳</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">测量油的酸值时仍为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.14mgKOH/g)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">曾怀疑是滤芯及吸附剂受潮所致</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">后经干燥处理但功效并无明显改善。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">(2)</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">再生装置一投运</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">颗粒度就超标。以上两点都表明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吸附剂的效果较差</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">且其强度不够</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">经油浸后易变松散</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">故会导致颗粒度不合格。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4"> 劣化油的红外光谱分析</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  为弄清油品的分子结构与其劣化情况的联系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">特选取几个有代表性的油样进行红色光谱分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">考查的基团主要是羟基</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(-OH)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">和羰基</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(-C=O),</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这两个基团都同油的劣化情况有直接关系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油的羟基基团越多</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">其被氧化形成有机酸的量也越多</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油中羟基的形式有多种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">主要有</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">:<br/>(1)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油中水份所含的羟基</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(H-OH);;<br/>(2)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油中的芳香烃与羟基的各种结合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如伯羟基、仲羟基、叔羟基以及酸羟基等</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">;;<br/>(3)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">以上各种形式的缔合体。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">羟基基团在温度、金属催化剂及有机酸等的存在下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">进一步氧化成醛类物质</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">醛类进一步氧化成为羧酸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这种有机酸就是导致酸值升高的直接原因</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在这一氧化过程中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">有机酸可以促进这一系列的反应过程</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一旦有机酸生成后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这种恶性循环就进一步加剧。所以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">我们在跟踪</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">EH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油的劣化过程时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">通常发现一旦酸值达到一定值或超标</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">随后监测的酸值总是呈现加速上升的趋势。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">羰基基团的劣变过程与上述羟基的劣变过程类似</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">羟基的氧化过程的第一步就是生成羰基</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如醛类物质</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">),</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">第二步则是生成羧基</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">即羧酸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">我们选取了如表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">所列的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个油样</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(AKZO</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">公司产品</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">控制相同条件分别做了红外光谱分析。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span>
 楼主| 哇噻 发表于 2007-8-26 08:58:02 | 显示全部楼层
<font size="4">首先研究谱图在波数为<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3280</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4000cm-1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一带的情况。羟基的吸收区在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3400cm-1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">附近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">从红外分析结果可看出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">号在波数为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3400cm-1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一带的透光率依次增高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">表明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">号的羟基基团依次减少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这一点说明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">号氧化成羧酸的量也会依次减小。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">再研究谱图在波数为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1710</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1800cm-1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一带的情况</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">羰基的吸收区在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1714cm-1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">附近</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">从红外分析结果可看出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">号在波数为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1714cm-1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一带的透光率也是依次增高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">即羰基基团的数量多少为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1&lt;2&lt;3&lt;4,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">故它们氧化成羧酸的量也是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1&lt;2&lt;3&lt;4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">上述分析结果同我们实际测出的结果也是相一致的。我们对劣化油的处理也就是要寻求一种方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">尽量降低油中羟基、羰基</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">或羧基</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的含量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">主要用化学方法和物理化学方法。采取化学方法即利用化学反应消耗这些基团</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">再考虑用其它方法将反应的非有用物质除去</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">;;</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">采用物理化学方法即利用某些物质的选择性吸附作用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">有针对地吸附这类基团</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">再采用过滤的方法将吸附有这些基团的吸附剂除去。采用化学方法需考虑的情况更为复杂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">实际操作时困难较多</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">;;</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">而采用物理化学方法则具有较大的可行性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">而且成本也相对低廉。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4"> 劣化油的处理</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  
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</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">4.2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4"> 吸附处理法的机理</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吸附处理法所用的吸附剂应具有较大的界面能</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">它能吸引其它分子从而降低自身的界面能</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">达到一种动态平衡状态。形成吸附的作用力主要是分子间作用力。在分子间力的作用下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">首先是促使油中劣化的极性物质与未劣化的油分子的分离</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">然后才是去除劣化产物。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在吸附进行时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">劣化的油中含有大量的极性基团</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如羟基、羰基、羧基</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">它都能与吸附剂表面发生强烈作用。我们研制的吸附剂是由阳离子与带负电的硅铝骨架所形成的一种强极性物质</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">它通过分子间力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">使可极化的分子极化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">极性越强的或越易被极化的分子则越易与吸附剂发生作用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">而劣化产物正是这些强极性物质</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">未劣化的油分子本身并无极性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">所以吸附剂就越容易同劣化物作用。从外观上看</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">当油中的劣化产物被吸附除去后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这种劣化物多为深色</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">),</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">油也同时被脱色</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">因而油品在处理后的外观颜色也变得更浅。</span></font>
 楼主| 哇噻 发表于 2007-8-26 08:58:30 | 显示全部楼层
<font size="4"><font face="Times New Roman">4.3</font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 吸附剂配方的选定及工艺合成要点</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在进行高效吸附的合成时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">先以试剂型原料进行配方的试验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">然后再用工业品扩大试验规模。为达到最佳处理效果</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">主要通过改变硅、铝的配比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在控制其它条件相同时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">进行吸附剂的效果试验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">试验结果如图</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(1):<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  从图中可看出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">劣化油的脱酸率同硅铝的比例有一定的关系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">确定合适的硅铝比是我们考查处理效果及合理利用原材料的关键因素。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在高效吸附剂的合成时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">另几个要注意的因素还包括合成过程的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">pH</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">值、温度的控制以及老化时间等环节。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">4.4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4"> 处理条件选定</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">4.4.1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4"> 温度对处理效果的影响</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(2)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">是控制其它条件相同时得到的温度与脱酸率的关系曲线。从图中可看出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">提高处理温度有利于处理效果</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">但温度不宜过高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这主要是因为温度过高时会促进油品氧化变质或分解</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">加速氧化产物的聚合从而使油品的颜色加深</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">同时其它指标也会趋坏。故处理温度以油在正常运行时的额定温度为宜。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">4.4.2</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 搅拌时间的影响分别测定在某条件下不同的搅拌时间其与脱酸率的对应关系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">得到图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(3)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的曲线。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  从图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(3)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">可看出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">搅拌时间越长</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">脱酸率越高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">但当脱酸达到一定值时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">其增长也越来越缓。以上现象可解释为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">搅拌时间越长</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吸附剂与劣化产物的接触越充分</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">因而效果也越好。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">4.4.3</font></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> 搅拌速度的影响在进行处理效果的对此时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">分别进行了手动和机械搅拌两种方式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">试验表明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">提高搅拌速度有利于处理效果。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">4.4.4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4"> 吸附剂用量的影响</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(4)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">是实测的某条件下脱酸率与吸附剂用量的关系</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">从图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(4)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">可看出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吸附剂用量越多</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">脱酸率越高。在综合考虑油的劣化状况、运行油的标准及经济性等指标的情况下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">可合理选择吸附剂的用量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一般可选为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6%(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吸附剂与油的质量比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">),</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">具体用量依油质劣化状况而定。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">另外我们还考查了投加方式与处理效果的关系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">试验表明</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">分步投加与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">次投加</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">控制总量相同</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在处理效果上没有太明显的差别。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/><br/><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="4"> 基本结论</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  综合考查各处理条件下劣化油的脱酸情况</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">我们得出下列脱酸率与其它因素的关系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。从图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">可得出较适合于处理劣化油的工艺条件为</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">:<br/></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(1)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">温度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">50</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">54℃(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">不高于运行油的额定允许温度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">55℃)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为宜</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">;;<br/>(2)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">采用机械搅拌</span></font><font size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">;;<br/>(3)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吸附剂用量以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为宜。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  以上也是我们从试验得到的基本结论</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在上述条件下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">特选取了一劣化油样进行了处理</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">处理前后的有关指标如表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">对上述处理后油经滤纸进行抽滤后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">测试其颗粒度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">SAE749D1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">级</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">具体数据如表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><br/></span><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                        </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">原劣化油样目视可见有黑色沉淀物</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">颗粒度无法测试。由上述数据可见</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">劣化油经处理后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">完全可满足现场使用要求。</span><br/></font>
gaoll520 发表于 2007-9-17 06:25:49 | 显示全部楼层
kkkkkk
mxw1 发表于 2007-10-13 22:50:44 | 显示全部楼层
非常不错啊
renjiawei 发表于 2007-10-19 20:06:02 | 显示全部楼层
非常不错啊<br/>[em05]8890
闪亮欢欢乐 发表于 2007-12-4 22:10:18 | 显示全部楼层
不错
漠海孤军 发表于 2008-1-13 16:55:21 | 显示全部楼层
写不错&nbsp; 笑纳
chenmg01 发表于 2008-2-25 09:21:20 | 显示全部楼层
xiexie
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