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大型火电站锅炉节油技术探讨

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金属探伤 发表于 2007-9-7 19:29:17 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
<p style="BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">摘要:介绍国内某大型电站锅炉在节约燃油方面所采取的措施,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><a href="http://www.studa.net/work/"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;"><font color="#333333">总结</font></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">其中的经验,并</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><a href="http://www.studa.net/"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;"><font color="#333333">分析</font></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">该电站现有的节油潜力,提出今后节油工作的重点和方向。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;"><font face="宋体">关键词:电站锅炉;节油;燃煤机组</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">  在燃煤机组运行中,助燃油一般用于锅炉点火及运行稳燃。有关资料显示:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">2000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">年国内</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">30</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">万</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">kW</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">60</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">万</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">kW</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">机组冷态启动机组平均用油量分别为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">908.24t/</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">台和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">451.62t/</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">台,其年平均稳燃用油量分别为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">546.8t/</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">台及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">359.8t/</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">台。随着国际能源需求的迅猛增长,原油价格迅速上扬,挖掘燃煤机组节油潜力、节能降耗不仅有利于世界不可再生资源的综合有效利用,更是降低</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><a href="http://www.studa.net/company/"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;"><font color="#333333">企业</font></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">生产成本,增强自身市场竞争力的重要手段之一。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">1 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;"><font face="宋体">国内某大型燃煤机组设备概述及其燃油消耗情况</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">  机组额定负荷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">660MW</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">,锅炉为德国产亚临界参数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><a href="http://www.studa.net/lixue/"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;"><font color="#333333">自然</font></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">循环汽包炉,单炉膛,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">r</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">型布置,一次中间再热,平衡通风,固态连续排渣。锅炉采用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">号柴油点火助燃,配有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">24</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">支蒸汽雾化油枪,单支油枪耗油量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">1.8~3.6t/h</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">。锅炉燃烧系统按双进出磨煤机冷一次风机正压直吹式系统设计,在炉膛前墙、后墙上分别分三层布置有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">24</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">只旋流式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">DS</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">燃烧器,单支燃烧器的额定容量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">83.7MW</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">。煤粉和空气从前后墙送入,在炉膛中呈对冲燃烧(前后墙各</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">排垂直错列布置)。前、后墙燃烧器上布置有两层燃尽风喷嘴。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">  机组于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">2002</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">月投产发电。投产初期,由于锅炉存在严重的炉膛结焦,运行不稳定,启停次数多。机组冷态启动一次需耗油</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">260~300t</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">,磨煤机启动停助燃每月需</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">60~100t</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">。仅</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">2002</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">10~12</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">月,机组共消耗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">号柴油</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">960t</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">,按当时油价</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">3000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">/t<a href="http://www.studa.net/pc/"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;"><font color="#333333">计算</font></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">,燃油成本</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">288</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">万元,在一定程度上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><a href="http://www.studa.net/"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;"><font color="#333333">影响</font></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">了机组的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><a href="http://www.studa.net/Economic/"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;"><font color="#333333">经济</font></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">效益。为此,电站技术人员深入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><a href="http://bbs.studa.com/"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;"><font color="#333333">研究</font></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">主、辅机设备技术特点,深挖节油潜力,在降低助燃油方面采取了一系列技术措施。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">2 </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;"><font face="宋体">节油技术措施</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">2</font></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">1 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">机组冷态启动节油</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;"><font face="宋体">  大型机组冷态启动过程是一个复杂的不稳定的传热、流动过程。由于冷态启动前锅炉、汽轮机各部件压力、温度接近环境压力、温度,锅炉升温升压、汽轮机暖缸、暖机需要一定的时间,检修后的机组冷态启动过程中,发电机和汽轮机需要做多项试验,锅炉只能维持在低参数状态下运行,需要消耗大量燃油。因此,研究设备特点,合理安排机组冷态启动步骤,尽量缩短启动时间,可以节约大量燃油。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">  (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">)采用滑参数启动,机组充分利用低压、低温蒸汽均匀加热汽轮机转子和汽缸,减少了热应力和启动损失,锅炉过、再热器的冷却条件亦得到改善。由于锅炉、汽轮发电机同时启动,缩短了整机启动时间,减少了燃油消耗。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">  (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">)汽包上水时,在汽包壁温差允许的情况下(该机组汽包壁温差要求任意两点不大于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">36</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">℃),尽量提高除氧器给水温度,保证省煤器出口给水温度高于汽包壁温</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">20~30</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">℃,缩短汽包起压时间,利于机组节油。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">  (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">)试运中,一度存在锅炉油枪冷态点火着火困难的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><a href="http://www.studa.cn/"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;"><font color="#333333">问题</font></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">,经常出现油枪点燃后燃烧不稳而灭火,不得不频繁点火,燃油消耗增加。经不断摸索,根据油枪投入时火焰形状及油烟颜色,找到了雾化蒸汽压力、二次风量、燃油压力、燃油温度的最佳匹配关系,控制燃油压力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">0.7~0.8MPa</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">,雾化汽压力</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">0.8Mpa</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">左右,冬季提高燃油伴热温度,修改步序使中心风档板开启平缓,经这些调整使冷态油枪点火能够顺畅、稳定,同时减少了燃油不完全燃烧损失。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">  (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">)该机组汽轮机中压转子预暖通过轴封漏气进行,中压转子中心温度达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">54.4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">℃为合格,预暖需时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">4h</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">左右。为了缩短中压转子预暖时间,技术人员将预暖时轴封蒸汽压力由</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">0.03Mpa</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">提高到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">0.04MPa</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">,适当开启轴封疏水门以提高轴封蒸汽温度,适当提高凝汽器压力至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">15kpa</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">以减少外界冷空气吸入,使中压转子预暖时间缩短到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">2h</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">左右。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">  经实施以上措施,缩短了机组冷态启动的时间,冷态启动一次耗油量由原来的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">260t</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">以上减少到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">130~150t</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/><font face="宋体">2</font></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;">2 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;">机组温、热态启动节油</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><br/><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot; &quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot; &quot;;"><font face="宋体">  机组温、热态启动节油措施主要是提前投入煤粉燃烧。在冷态启动中,由于锅炉维持低负荷时间较长,相应炉内燃烧强度及炉膛火焰温度均较低,投粉过早、粉量过多很容易造成炉膛燃烧不充分,使火焰中心上移,锅炉升压快,主汽温度、再热汽温难于控制;同时未燃尽煤粉积聚在空气预热器波纹板上,在一定条件下会产生二次燃烧,烧损空预器。因此,冷态启动投粉一般选择在发电机并网后、锅炉所产蒸汽已可经汽轮机泄放后进行,以利于汽压、汽温的控制。在机组温、热态启动中,根据汽温、汽压及汽轮机胀差情况,电站技术人员将启磨投粉时间提前到机组冲转前,投粉后即进行汽轮机冲转、发电机并网操作,既加快了机组代负荷速度,同时也节省了燃油。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot; &quot;;"><p></p></span></p>
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 楼主| 金属探伤 发表于 2007-9-7 19:32:57 | 只看该作者

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经常看贴子,收益非浅,看到好的文章,同大家一起分享!
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haw 发表于 2007-9-20 22:54:04 | 只看该作者
好贴,多多益善
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