超(超)临界锅炉的类型及发展方向

[Point=50]<span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><strong><span lang="EN-US"><p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">超<span lang="EN-US">(</span>超<span lang="EN-US">)</span>临界锅炉的类型及发展方向<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">600MW</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">机组正在逐步成为我国重点发展的火电主力机组，<span lang="EN-US">800MW</span>、<span lang="EN-US">900MW</span>及更大容量的<span lang="EN-US">1000MW</span>超超临界机组也已在发达工业国家逐步投运。 <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">以临界压力<span lang="EN-US">22.1Mpa</span>为分界点，大容量锅炉<span lang="EN-US">(600MW</span>以上<span lang="EN-US">)</span>主要分为亚临界、超临界和超超临界。综观<span lang="EN-US">600MW</span>及以上机组，都是从国外引进或引进技术制造的，它的设备和技术基本引进于美国燃烧工程公司（<span lang="EN-US">CE</span>）、巴布科克公司（<span lang="EN-US">B&amp;W</span>）及福斯特<span lang="EN-US">.</span>惠勒公司（<span lang="EN-US">FW</span>），许多国家的锅炉设计也都在不同程度上承袭了上述三公司的特点。 <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">采用超临界参数的锅炉，直流锅炉是唯一能够采用的锅炉型式。 <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">目前国内投产的超<span lang="EN-US">(</span>超<span lang="EN-US">)</span>临界锅炉主要有两种型式。 <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">、通用压力型锅炉（<span lang="EN-US">UP</span>炉，巴布科克公司（<span lang="EN-US">B&amp;W</span>））：该类型的锅炉只能在定压方式下运行。所谓通用压力型锅炉是指无论亚临界或超临界参数，均可采用的炉型。该锅炉的主要特点是采用垂直上升的全焊膜式水冷壁，采用内螺纹管以防止蒸发段产生膜态沸腾，工质一次或二次上升，连接管多次混合，具有较高的质量流速。但该锅炉由于水冷壁系统中有混合联箱，不适应大容量锅炉变压运行的需要。在变压运行中，随着锅炉压力下降，机组负荷下降，当在低压运行时，蒸发受热面中工质温差的大幅度变化以及汽水混合物难以从中间混合联箱出口进行均匀分配等问题，使这种直流锅炉管屏型式不能与之相适应。 <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">上海锅炉厂制造生产的<span lang="EN-US">300MW</span>的直流锅炉采用的就是此种炉型。 <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">、炉膛辐射受热面结构型式上</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">采用全焊接的膜式螺旋型上升管圈，该种锅炉管圈自炉膛底部沿炉膛四周盘旋上升至炉膛折焰角处，炉膛上部管屏改变为垂直上升管屏，以利于管子穿墙及悬吊结构的布置。螺旋管圈除进出口联箱外，中间不设置混合联箱。这种管圈的特点是热偏差小，且因无中间混合联箱，不会产生汽水混合物的不均匀分配的问题。因为解决了汽水混合物不均匀分配的问题及所带来得其他问题，因此，该锅炉能变压运行，快速启停，调频性能好，能适应电网负荷的频繁需要。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">
                                                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">上海石洞口第二发电厂引进</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">CE-SULZER</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">公司制造的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">600MW</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">超临界直流锅炉就是该种炉型。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">
                                                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">3</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、复合循环超临界直流锅炉（</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">美国燃烧工程公司（<span lang="EN-US">CE</span>））</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。该种锅炉的特点是在直流系统中加</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">1-2</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">台复合循环泵，在低负荷时将水冷壁出口工质打入混合球，并与从省煤器来的给水混合，然后再进入循环泵的入口进行再循环。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">
                                                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">该种炉型目前在我国未有投产的机组，在美国、日本采用较多。</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #222222; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">
                                                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" color="#ff0000" size="6">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p>&nbsp;</p></p></span></strong></span>&nbsp;[/Point]

超超临界锅炉就是牛啊，哈哈！[em01]