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锅炉本体主要部件及部件的功能?

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1#
丑小鸭 发表于 2007-5-12 10:39:41 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在火力发电厂中,锅炉的功能是利用燃料燃烧放出的热能产生高温高压蒸汽。锅炉本体的结构和主要部件都是为了实现它的功能而设置的。锅炉本体的结构有炉膛、水平烟道和垂直烟道</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">尾部烟道</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">),</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">主要部件按燃烧系统和汽水系统来设置</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">有空气预热器、喷燃器、省煤器、汽包、下降管、水冷壁、过热器、再热器等。空气预热器分层布置在垂直烟道中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">旋转式的不分层</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">布置在垂直烟道底部</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">),</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">它把送风机送来的空气利用流经垂直烟道的烟气进行加热</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">加热后的空气分别送到磨煤机</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">做为热风源</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、排粉机、一次风箱和二次风箱。喷燃器布置在炉膛四角</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">或前后墙</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">),</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">数目多时可上下分层。给粉机把煤粉送入喷燃器</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">一次风引入喷燃器把煤粉吹入炉膛。二次风口布置在喷燃器近旁</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">喷入助燃空气。直吹式锅炉由排粉机将煤粉直接吹入炉膛。煤粉燃烧后形成飞灰</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">细灰和粗灰</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和灰渣。飞灰随烟气经水平烟道、垂直烟道到除尘器</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">除尘器把烟气中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">98% </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">以上的细灰除下落入除尘器下部的灰斗中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">极少的细灰随烟气经吸风机送入烟囱排入大气</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">灰渣则落入炉膛底部形成炉底渣</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">由除灰设备定时除出炉外。省煤器分层布置在垂直烟道中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">它把给水母管送来的水利用烟气进行加热再送到汽包中。汽包布置在锅炉顶部</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">它在锅炉的汽水循环中起着接收来水、储水和进行汽水分离的作用。汽包中的水经下降管、水冷壁下联箱</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">它们都布置在炉膛外壁</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">送到水冷壁。在强制循环式锅炉的下降管中安装有强制循环泵</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">加强水循环。水冷壁是布置在炉膛四周的排管</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在炉膛内燃烧的燃料所放出的热把水冷壁管内的水加热成汽水混合物。汽水混合物经水冷壁上联箱和上升管进入汽包。汽包中的汽水分离器把汽水混合物进行分离</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">分离出的蒸汽送到过热器</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">余下的水留在汽包中继续参加水循环。直流式锅炉没有汽包</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">水冷壁将水直接加热成蒸汽送入过热器。过热器布置在炉膛上部和水平烟道中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">它把蒸汽加热并调节成符合规定温度的过热蒸汽</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">过热蒸汽经集汽联箱、主汽门到汽轮机。过热器又可分为低温过热器和高温过热器。在锅炉水平烟道入口处装有屏式过热器</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在炉膛顶部装有顶棚过热器。再热式机组的再热器也布置在水平烟道和垂直烟道中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">再热器的功能是将在汽轮机高压缸做过功的蒸汽再次加热到一定温度送回到气轮机中压缸继续做功。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p>
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2#
LX的宝贝 发表于 2007-5-15 08:30:32 | 只看该作者
THANK&nbsp; YOU
3#
三和热电 发表于 2007-5-25 18:26:27 | 只看该作者
谢谢楼主,对于俺来说这是基础啊。
4#
夏天的味道 发表于 2007-5-26 12:49:56 | 只看该作者
对新人来说确实是基础,这里的内容很丰富!
5#
songli 发表于 2010-4-23 17:40:23 | 只看该作者
<p>好东西大家一起分享</p>
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