高浓度染料中间体化工废水氧化技术

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"></span></p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span class="bfont"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">摘要：</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">染料中间体及染料废水色度及有机物浓度高，可生化性较差。对水溶性好的直接染料和活性染料，高级氧化能有效降低其色度，提高废水可生化性，为进一步生化处理创造有利条件。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><span class="bfont">关键词：</span>染料及中间体废水 提高可生化性<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span>高级氧化<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">染料中间体及染料化工厂产品品种多，色度及有机物浓度高、废水成分复杂、可生化性较差，在工程实施过程中，为便于后续生化处理，必须采取预处理措施。传统的预处理方法多为混凝沉降，但该法适合在水中以疏水性悬浮微粒形式存在的分散、还原类染料。而对分子中含有较多<span lang="EN-US">-SO₃H</span>、<span lang="EN-US">-COOH</span>、<span lang="EN-US">-OH</span>等亲水基团且分子量较小的直接活性染料，混凝脱色效果则较差。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">　 高级氧化催化氧化近年来发展为一种有效的染料废水预处理方法，<span style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line;">根据电化学、电磁场和双极性颗粒床电极理论及催化氧化机理而开发出低耗、高效填料氧化塔。</span>原废水在进入氧化塔后，废水的各种物质分别趋于填料的两极，旋即发生快速氧化还原反应；并且在电子诱导效应、共轭效应、空间位阻、环张力及氢键效应等作用下，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">利用电极氧化中间物质，并由中间物质将污染物氧化，该中间物包括：<span lang="EN-US">e₅^-</span>、<span lang="EN-US">O₂^-</span>、<span lang="EN-US">HO₂</span>·，·<span lang="EN-US">OH</span>等自由基，处理原理是通过电化学反应使<span lang="EN-US">O₂</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">还原为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">H₂O₂</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">，然后与<span lang="EN-US">Fe³</span>^＋</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">还原产物</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Fe²</span>^{<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">＋</span>}<span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">反应生产羟基自由基，这些羟基自由基可处理苯酚、苯的衍生物、<span lang="EN-US">HCHO</span>及<span lang="EN-US">CN^-</span>，或者可以加入氯盐，使之产生<span lang="EN-US">Cl</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">O^-</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">的氧化物，来间接处理氧化物。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">其最显著的特点是以羟基自由基为主要氧化剂与有机物发生反应，反应中生成的有机自由基可以继续参加<span lang="EN-US">·OH</span>的链式反应，或者通过生成有机过氧化物自由基后，进一步发生氧化分解反应直至降解为最终产物<span lang="EN-US">CO₂</span>和<span lang="EN-US">H₂O</span>，从而达到了氧化分解有机物的目的　能有效降低色度和<span lang="EN-US">CODc_r</span>_，并使大分子物质分解为小分子物质，使难生物降解的物质转变为容易生物降解的物质，提高废水的可生化性。破坏染料的发色或助色基团，失去发色能力；将硝基苯类物质转化为苯胺类物质，以便微生物利用；。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">　<b><span lang="EN-US">1</span>概述</b><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">　　某染料中间体化工厂主要生产染料中间体。主要产品为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">间苯二胺<span lang="EN-US">10000</span>吨<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，邻苯二胺<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;2000</span>吨<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">3,4-</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">二氯苯胺<span lang="EN-US">4000</span>吨<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">2,3-</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">二氯苯胺<span lang="EN-US">600</span>吨<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、间二硝基苯<span lang="EN-US">8000</span>吨、对苯二胺<span lang="EN-US">30</span>吨、、<span lang="EN-US">2.3-</span>二氯硝基苯<span lang="EN-US">540</span>吨。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">该厂废水具有下述特点：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">1.</span>强碱性：总排水<span lang="EN-US">pH</span>值在<span lang="EN-US">9.89</span>左右<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">2.</span>浓度较高：<span lang="EN-US">CODc_r</span>值在<span lang="EN-US">42125mg/l<p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">3.</span>硝基苯，苯胺难生化成分高<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">2</span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">工程设计</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">2.1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">设计水量水质</span></font></p><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、<span lang="EN-US">COD</span>：<span lang="EN-US">42125mg/L</span>；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、三硝基酚类含量：<span lang="EN-US">10817mg/L</span>左右；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、苯胺类含量：<span lang="EN-US">587.9mg/L</span>以下；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、硝基苯类含量：<span lang="EN-US">64.96mg/L</span>以下；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、氨氮含量：<span lang="EN-US">50.09mg/L</span>以下；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、<span lang="EN-US">H</span>：<span lang="EN-US">9.89mg/L</span>；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、<span lang="EN-US">SS</span>：<span lang="EN-US">186.3mg/L</span>；<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、混合废水水量：（<span lang="EN-US">Q</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>200</span>吨<span lang="EN-US">/</span>天。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">2.2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">出水水质<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p></p></span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">2.2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">出水水质<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">　　废水处理后排放标准按《<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">污水</span>综合排放标准》<span lang="EN-US">GB8978-96</span>一级标准执行。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">表<span lang="EN-US">2</span>出水水质一览表<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><table class="MsoTableGrid" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext;"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes;"><td valign="top" width="95" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 71pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">pH<p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="95" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 71pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">CODc_r</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">mg/l</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="95" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 71pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">硝基苯类（<span lang="EN-US">mg/l</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="95" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 71pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">色度（倍）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="95" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 71.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">挥发酚（<span lang="EN-US">mg/l</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="95" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 71.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">SS</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">mg/l</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td valign="top" width="95" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 71pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">～<span lang="EN-US">9<p></p></span></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="95" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 71pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">100<p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="95" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 71pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">2.0<p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="95" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 71pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">50<p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="95" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 71.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">0.5<p></p></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="95" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 71.05pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">70<p></p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">3</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、工业废水特征<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;"><font face="宋体">工业废水成份比较复杂，大多具有较大的危害性，其水质水量随行业的不同和<a href="javascript:;" target="_self"><u><strong>工艺</strong></u></a>的不同而有很大的差异。一种废水往往含有多种成份，但常以其中含量较多的某一种成份或毒性较强的某一种成份来命名这种废水。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、有机物化学结构及性质与生物降解性能的一般性关系<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）分子量大小的影响：分子量越小的有机物越容易降解；聚合、复合而成的高分子有机物，由于微生物及酶与其不易相互扩散，就降低了生物降解的性能。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）在水中溶解度的影响：溶解度大的有机物易被生物降解。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）官能团的影响：按生物降解性能大小排列结果为羧基<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>醛基<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>酮基<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>羟基<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>胺基<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>巯基<span lang="EN-US">&gt;</span>甲基。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）分子结构的影响：链状的有机物比环状的有机物易降解。链状烃中的直链比支链易降解，不饱和烃比饱和烃易降解，主要碳链上的碳原子被其它原子取代后，生物阻抗增强。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">5</span>）多种有机物或其它成份混合的影响：不同有机物如有聚合或结合的倾向，也会提高生物阻抗。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、决定工业废水可生化性的因素主要有<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）对无毒有机物来说，生物可能降解的深度和速度。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）对有毒有机物而言的生物毒性及抑制作用。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）营养物质和环境条件，如对于经驯化产生变异菌可能是营养缺陷型，需补充其需要的特殊营养。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、提高废水可生物处理性的途径<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）改革生产工艺，尽量少用或不用有难生物降解物质的工艺。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）采用有效的预处理手段。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）研究开发高效的生物处理工艺，如采用生物——物化处理相结合的工艺。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）应用微生物学新成果，诱导、驯化变异菌种，培养专性菌。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">4</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">工艺</span></strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">流程(略)</font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"></span><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">5</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">、</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">工艺</span></strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">流程说明<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）原水调节池——原废水的匀质、调节<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">废水进入酸化池加废硫酸调节<span lang="EN-US">pH</span>至<span lang="EN-US">1</span>—<span lang="EN-US">3</span>，不同浓度的废水在这里匀质<span lang="EN-US">COD</span>在<span lang="EN-US">4000--5000mg/L</span>，后经计量用泵提升送入氧化塔。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）预处理器——生物活性氧化塔<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">进入氧化塔，废水中的有机物分子迅速与塔内填料接触，在催化剂的作用下发生强烈的物理和化学反应，有机分子结构发生变形，甚至被破坏，废水的<span lang="EN-US">B/C</span>值由原来的接近于<span lang="EN-US">0</span>提高到<span lang="EN-US">0.20</span>以上，其可生化性显著提高，适应后续生化系统的稳定运行。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">塔内填料属耗材，每年需补充一次。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）中和调节池<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">氧化塔出水自流进入调节池，加微量碱液调节<span lang="EN-US">H</span>在<span lang="EN-US">7-10</span>之间，与系统回流水（正常情况：根据原废水的<span lang="EN-US">COD</span>值调节回流量）混合以稳定生化系统处理有机负荷的平稳，同时要保持混合废水的温度在<span lang="EN-US">25<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="35" hasspace="False" negative="True" numbertype="1" tcsc="0">-35<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">℃</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">（冬季需用少量蒸汽或加热水），自流入好氧曝气池。停留时间T=3</span></span>小时。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）预混池<span lang="EN-US">--</span>好氧曝气池——有机物去除中心<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">进入该系统的废水要求：有机负荷相对稳定，<span lang="EN-US">COD</span>在<span lang="EN-US">2500mg/L</span>以内，波动在<span lang="EN-US">200 mg/l</span>上下，否则就可能造成系统出水不稳定。同时，系统不宜间断运行，应控制出水溶解氧不低于<span lang="EN-US">1 mg/L</span>，水温在<span lang="EN-US">25<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="32" hasspace="False" negative="True" numbertype="1" tcsc="0">-32<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">℃</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">最好。有机物去除率在99.5%</span></span>以上。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">该系统只需定时监测，<span lang="EN-US">COD</span>，水温度，由调节池调节；出水溶解氧不低于<span lang="EN-US">1 mg/L</span>，可调节曝气机转速或叶轮入水深度控制；停车时全部停止运转就可以。具体操作技术问题在工艺规程中。<u><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">（<span lang="EN-US">5</span>）竖流式沉降槽<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">曝气池出水有机物含量达到<span lang="EN-US">GB8978-1996</span>二级标准要求，但有少量悬浮物，经该竖流式沉降槽后即可去除，出水部分返回调节池回用，一部分出水经脱色后排放。停留时间<span lang="EN-US">T=5</span>小时。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、主要处理构筑物及设计参数<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、氧化塔<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">　　氧化塔是物理化学法对废水进行物化处理的装置，它能将废水呈溶解状态的有机物通过化学反应氧化还原为微毒、无毒的物质，或者转化成容易与水分离的状态，尤其适合可生化性能差（<span lang="EN-US">BOD₅/CODc_r&lt;0.3</span>）、高色度、高<span lang="EN-US">CODc_r</span>以及卤代物、硝基物、氨基物、苯胺、酚类含量高的化工废水。该法进水水质的差异对去除效果影响不大，能够有效提高废水可生化性，便于后续生化处理，管理简单。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">　　该设备系我公司自行开发的新型催化氧化塔，在处理硝基苯、苯胺、氯苯有机废水工程中，已多家使用，根据废水组分，选用<span lang="EN-US">FCJX-5</span>型填料塔。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、氧化塔内极性填料<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">耐受温度<span lang="EN-US">10<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="45" hasspace="False" negative="True" numbertype="1" tcsc="0">-45<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">℃</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">，最佳条件15<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="40" hasspace="False" negative="True" numbertype="1" tcsc="0">-40<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">℃</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">；属本公司自主开发技术，使用于苯环系列有机废水。填料属易耗品，每年只少量补充一次，或两年再生一次。<p></p></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、高效自循环式曝气池<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;"><font face="宋体">该系统是采用高效表面曝气机，使整个反应区内污水与活性菌胶团充分混合，起到充分搅拌作用；同时在表面形成浪花，与空气充分接触充氧。这样在高速的混合状态下，废水中的有机物被菌胶团吸附水解，而后被微生物分解成二氧化碳和水及其它小分子物质。<span style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line;">由于池内各点水质均匀<span lang="EN-US">,</span>活性污泥的质量及其分布的数量处处相同<span lang="EN-US">,</span>所以该方法的工作情形<span lang="EN-US">,</span>在污泥增长曲线上只是一个点<span lang="EN-US">,</span>这就使我们可能把曝气池运行在所需要的最佳状态<span lang="EN-US">,</span>这是该设备的独特特点。因此本反应器效率高，能耗低，出水质量高，运行稳定，而且管理、操作简便。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、菌种：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.5pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">工艺采用高效专性菌种，在处理苯环系列有机废水应用中，效果突出，耐受有机负荷<span lang="EN-US">COD</span>高达<span lang="EN-US">3000mg/L</span>以上，应用范围广，易培养驯化，繁殖速度快，世代周期为<span lang="EN-US">1-3</span>天。该菌种属假单胞菌属。本公司的复合菌不单独出售，仅配合工程使用，确保工程一次成功。适应能力强，混合废水中某种成分短期为<span lang="EN-US">0</span>时，对菌系没有明显影响；装置停车<span lang="EN-US">1-2</span>年，开起来<span lang="EN-US">10</span>天即可恢复正常。正常生活条件：<span lang="EN-US">T=18<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="35" hasspace="False" negative="True" numbertype="1" tcsc="0">-35<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">℃</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">，PH=6-12</span></span>，营养充分即可。最佳条件：水温<span lang="EN-US">25<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="℃" sourcevalue="32" hasspace="False" negative="True" numbertype="1" tcsc="0">-32<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">℃</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">，PH=8-10</span></span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、工艺具备以下突出特点：<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、进水负荷高，系统进水<span lang="EN-US">COD</span>几乎不受限制，生化进水<span lang="EN-US">COD</span>可达<span lang="EN-US">800-1000mg/L</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; TEXT-INDENT: 23.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、出水质量高，真正达到<span lang="EN-US">GB8978—1996</span>一级标准。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; TEXT-INDENT: 23.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、工艺简洁，运行稳定，操作简便，去除效率高。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; TEXT-INDENT: 23.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、膜法与悬浮法的有机统一，特别具有伸缩性。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; TEXT-INDENT: 23.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、脱色效果尤为突出，出水真真切切是“白水”。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; TEXT-INDENT: 23.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、投资规模小，占地面积少，与现行众多工艺相比可节约<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>左右。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; TEXT-INDENT: 23.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; LINE-HEIGHT: 132%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、运行成本低，主要消耗是电费。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">、使用范围广，广泛使用于有机氮化合物废水领域。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">　<b><span lang="EN-US">8</span>、结论</b><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">　　工程吨废水处理运行成本为<span lang="EN-US">11.4</span>元。处理站占地面积<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="m2" sourcevalue="935" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">935m²</span></chmetcnv>。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">　　试验结果表明，本废水处理站出水已达设计排放标准，也表明整个废水处理工程从设计、施工、调试到正常运行是成功的。</font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">作者：杨志赞<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span lang="EN-US"></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">E-mail:wuke925@163.com<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span></p><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span lang="EN-US"></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">E-mail:wuke925@163.com<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span></p><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span>