<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">高硅炉水的非常规处理<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 167.25pt center 207.8pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">吴功庭 <span lang="EN-US">合肥发电厂</span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; tab-stops: 167.25pt center 207.8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4"> <p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="4">摘要 合肥发电厂#3机组(125MW)1996年6月大修期间更换部分大型热力设备后未进行化学清洗,启动后炉水硅含量严重超标(最高达16000μg/l)且居高不下。采取了一种非常规处理方法——人为向给水系统加入硬度物质使之与炉水硅反应,经锅炉排污除硅。本文尝试探讨该方法的机理,提出高硅低硬炉水体系硅溶胶聚沉假说。该假说可以应用于新建机组整套启动“洗硅”过程。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="4">关键词 硅 硬度 水汽质量标准 溶胶 聚沉</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="4"> </font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="4">1 概述</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="4">1996年5月3日至6月17日,合肥发电厂#3机组(容量:125MW,主汽压力:13.73MPa,主汽温度:540℃,额定蒸发量:420t/h)在大修中更换了凝汽器全部铜管、低压再热器等大型热力设备,因工期紧张未对热力系统进行化学清洗,并网后炉水硅含量最高时达到16000μg/l。为保证大修能达到全优工程标准,机组不能“调停”进行任何处理。</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font size="4">在并网之后的168h内,我们只能通过强化排污——增大连排开度至100%(正常运行中连排开度为10~40%)、增加定排次数(1次/3h,正常运行中1次/24h)——试图缓解此异常状况,但炉水SiO2降至4000μg/l左右后便不再下降,给水、凝水、蒸汽SiO2含量均超标。SiO2的有关控制及参考控制指标如下表所示。<br/></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p><font size="4"></font></p></span></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN-LEFT: 26.4pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="126" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 94.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">样品名称<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="98" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 73.5pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">给<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>水<p></p></span></font></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="112" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 84pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">炉<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>水<p></p></span></font></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="93" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 69.9pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">蒸<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>汽<p></p></span></font></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="104" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 78.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">凝结水<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="126" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; WIDTH: 94.5pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">控制标准<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="98" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 73.5pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">≤<span lang="EN-US">30μg/l<p></p></span></font></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="112" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 84pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">≤<span lang="EN-US">1500μg/l<p></p></span></font></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="93" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 69.9pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">≤<span lang="EN-US">20μg/l<p></p></span></font></span></p></td><td valign="top" width="104" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 0.5pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; WIDTH: 78.1pt; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 0.5pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">≤<span lang="EN-US">50μg/l<p></p></span></font></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>48小时非常规处理<p></p></font></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">在这种情况下,我们采取了一种非常规处理方法——通过给水除氧剂加药系统向给水中加入生石灰水溶液,同时控制给水硬度≤<span lang="EN-US">0.1μmol/l,期望其进入炉水系统后,与炉水硅反应产生“硅-钙”性水渣,并与炉水中的“磷-钙”性水渣相互絮凝,经锅炉排污以降硅。<p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font size="4">在此期间,加强炉水磷酸盐处理(<span lang="EN-US">O<sub>4</sub><sup>3–</sup>2~4mg/L),维持上述排污强度,发现炉水SiO<sub>2</sub>确实如我们预期的那样开始大幅下降。我们连续48h采取这种非常规处理方法之后,炉水SiO<sub>2</sub>含量终于降至1500μg/l以下,给水、凝水、蒸汽SiO<sub>2</sub>含量均达到控制标准要求,如图3、4所示。48h非常规处理后,停止向给水系统加入生石灰水溶液,而水汽品质逐渐趋于正常,炉水SiO<sub>2</sub>含量稳定在1500μg/l以下并最终稳定在1000μg/l以下。</span></font></span></p> |