全膜法水处理技术在热电项目中的应用

哈尔滨电气 · 发表于 2007-8-20 17:14:58

欧美环境工程有限公司 <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3.9pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-top: .25gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .25gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm;">一、电力行业水处理技术发展传统的电厂用水制备工艺主要利用混凝、澄清、过滤来去除悬浮物，利用离子交换技术来去除水中各种盐离子：<group id="_x0000_s1026" coordsize="8652,500" coordorigin="1036,6223" style="MARGIN-TOP: 15.05pt; Z-INDEX: 1; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 30.4pt; WIDTH: 405pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><group id="_x0000_s1027" coordsize="7960,500" coordorigin="1728,6223" style="LEFT: 1728px; WIDTH: 7960px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6223px; HEIGHT: 500px;"><shapetype id="_x0000_t202" path="m,l,21600r21600,l21600,xe" ospt="202" coordsize="21600,21600"><stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><path oconnecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t"></path></shapetype><shape id="_x0000_s1028" filled="f" type="#_x0000_t202" strokeweight="1pt" fillcolor="#f93" style="LEFT: 5286px; WIDTH: 1351px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6245px; HEIGHT: 455px; v-text-anchor: middle;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><textbox inset="7.25pt,1.2788mm,7.25pt,1.2788mm" style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1028;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div>阳/ 阴床</div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1029" filled="f" type="#_x0000_t202" strokeweight="1pt" fillcolor="#f93" style="LEFT: 7064px; WIDTH: 968px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6269px; HEIGHT: 407px; v-text-anchor: middle;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><textbox inset="7.25pt,1.2788mm,7.25pt,1.2788mm" style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1029;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div>混
床</div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1030" filled="f" path="m,l204,e" coordsize="204,1" strokeweight="1pt" style="LEFT: 2970px; WIDTH: 358px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6485px; HEIGHT: 2px; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; v-text-anchor: middle; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical: absolute;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><path arrowok="t"></path></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1031" filled="f" path="m,l204,e" coordsize="204,1" strokeweight="1pt" style="LEFT: 6640px; WIDTH: 358px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6495px; HEIGHT: 2px; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; v-text-anchor: middle; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical: absolute;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><path arrowok="t"></path></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1032" filled="f" type="#_x0000_t202" strokeweight="1pt" fillcolor="#36f" style="LEFT: 8508px; WIDTH: 1180px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6299px; HEIGHT: 407px; v-text-anchor: middle;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><textbox inset="7.25pt,1.2788mm,7.25pt,1.2788mm" style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1032;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div>纯
水</div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1033" filled="f" path="m,l204,e" coordsize="204,1" strokeweight="1pt" style="LEFT: 8064px; WIDTH: 359px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6469px; HEIGHT: 2px; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; v-text-anchor: middle; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical: absolute;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><path arrowok="t"></path></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1034" filled="f" type="#_x0000_t202" strokeweight="1pt" fillcolor="#f93" style="LEFT: 1728px; WIDTH: 1196px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6239px; HEIGHT: 484px; v-text-anchor: middle;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><textbox inset="7.25pt,1.2788mm,7.25pt,1.2788mm" style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1034;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div>混凝澄清</div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1035" filled="f" type="#_x0000_t202" strokeweight="1pt" fillcolor="#f93" style="LEFT: 3394px; WIDTH: 1466px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6223px; HEIGHT: 484px; v-text-anchor: middle;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><textbox inset="7.25pt,1.2788mm,7.25pt,1.2788mm" style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1035;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div>砂滤/活性炭</div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1036" filled="f" path="m,l204,e" coordsize="204,1" strokeweight="1pt" style="LEFT: 4876px; WIDTH: 358px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6469px; HEIGHT: 2px; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; v-text-anchor: middle; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical: absolute;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><path arrowok="t"></path></shape></group><line id="_x0000_s1037" strokeweight="0" to="1710,6509" from="1036,6509" style="

OSITION: absolute;"><stroke endarrow="block"></stroke></line><wrap type="square"></wrap></group> 传统工艺存在的主要问题一是预处理系统的效率不高，流程长，效果不稳定；二是离子交换树脂需酸碱再生，大量排放酸碱废水，污染环境。<p class="MsoNormalIndent" style="MARGIN: 4.65pt 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-top: .3gd;">近些年，随着水资源的匮乏和环保呼声的提高，新的水处理技术发展势头很快，传统的水处理技术受到了巨大的冲击，其中膜法水处理技术凭借其独特的优势得到了迅速的推广应用，尤其引人关注。利用各种膜分离技术可以构建如下的锅炉补给水处理流程：<group id="_x0000_s1038" coordsize="6118,484" coordorigin="1558,9629" style="MARGIN-TOP: 8.3pt; Z-INDEX: 2; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 31.3pt; WIDTH: 305.9pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 24.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><shape id="_x0000_s1039" filled="f" type="#_x0000_t202" strokeweight="1pt" fillcolor="#f93" style="LEFT: 5238px; WIDTH: 840px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 9635px; HEIGHT: 455px; v-text-anchor: middle;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><textbox inset="7.25pt,1.2788mm,7.25pt,1.2788mm" style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1039;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div>EDI</div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1040" filled="f" path="m,l204,e" coordsize="204,1" strokeweight="1pt" style="LEFT: 3206px; WIDTH: 358px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 9875px; HEIGHT: 2px; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; v-text-anchor: middle; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical: absolute;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><path arrowok="t"></path></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1041" filled="f" path="m,l204,e" coordsize="204,1" strokeweight="1pt" style="LEFT: 6112px; WIDTH: 358px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 9855px; HEIGHT: 2px; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; v-text-anchor: middle; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical: absolute;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><path arrowok="t"></path></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1042" filled="f" type="#_x0000_t202" strokeweight="1pt" fillcolor="#36f" style="LEFT: 6496px; WIDTH: 1180px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 9629px; HEIGHT: 482px; v-text-anchor: middle;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><textbox inset="7.25pt,1.2788mm,7.25pt,1.2788mm" style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1042;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div>纯
水</div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1043" filled="f" type="#_x0000_t202" strokeweight="1pt" fillcolor="#f93" style="LEFT: 2250px; WIDTH: 926px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 9629px; HEIGHT: 484px; v-text-anchor: middle;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><textbox inset="7.25pt,1.2788mm,7.25pt,1.2788mm" style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1043;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div>超滤</div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1044" filled="f" type="#_x0000_t202" strokeweight="1pt" fillcolor="#f93" style="LEFT: 3616px; WIDTH: 1152px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 9629px; HEIGHT: 484px; v-text-anchor: middle;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><textbox inset="7.25pt,1.2788mm,7.25pt,1.2788mm" style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1044;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><div>反渗透</div></td></tr></tbody></table></textbox></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1045" filled="f" path="m,l204,e" coordsize="204,1" strokeweight="1pt" style="LEFT: 4814px; WIDTH: 358px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 9875px; HEIGHT: 2px; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; v-text-anchor: middle; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical: absolute;"><shadow color="black"></shadow><path arrowok="t"></path></shape><line id="_x0000_s1046" strokeweight="0" to="2232,9899" from="1558,9899" style="

OSITION: absolute;"><stroke endarrow="block"></stroke></line></group>   <p class="MsoNormalIndent" style="MARGIN: 4.65pt 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-top: .3gd;">上述流程即构成了一套完整的“全膜法”工艺。其中，超滤与传统的预处理技术相比，其产水水质更好，可以为下游反渗透膜提供最佳的保护，使得污水或者废水进入反渗透脱盐成为可能；而反渗透则是这个工艺中脱盐的核心，它可以去除98％以上的各种离子； EDI新技术近两年来在我国多个热电厂的锅炉补给水系统中得到应用，它取代传统的混床，无需消耗酸碱就可连续制取高纯水，是一项环保的新技术。该“全膜法”工艺是一个“物理”的净化过程，它高效、环保，并且在投资、运行、维护方面拥有诸多优势，从而引起广泛的关注。<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3.9pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-top: .25gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .25gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm;">二、全膜法水处理技术概述

哈尔滨电气 · 发表于 2007-8-20 17:15:29

[Post=100]欧美环境工程有限公司基于多年的工程实践经验，在2002年率先提出了“全膜法(IMT)水处理工艺”——一个依托于先进的膜技术而产生的全新水处理工艺设计理念。它将不同的膜工艺有机地组合在一起，以常规的地表水或地下，或以经过生化、过滤等常规处理后达标排放的市政污水、工业废水为原水，采用“超滤→反渗透→EDI”的组合工艺，达到高效去除污染物以及深度脱盐的目的，满足各种用途的水质要求，很好地符合了能源化工行业节水和环保的需求，因而在短短2年时间里在中国获得了普遍的认可和应用。它的推广使得超滤等在工业水处理的市场从无到有，近几年以每年数倍的速度增长。IMT的主要技术环节包括：超滤（UF）是一个压力驱动的膜分离过程，它能够将颗粒物质和胶体从流体及溶解组份中分离出来。超滤膜的典型孔径在0.01-0.1微米之间，对于细菌和大多数病毒、胶体、悬浮物等具有极高的去除率，为后续反渗透的运行提供可靠的保证。该技术在国外主要应用于饮用水处理，而近几年中国则主要用于工业领域的中水回用，作为反渗透的预处理。相比饮用水处理，中水回用水质更差、处理难度更大，因此需要更有针对性的产品和解决工艺。反渗透（RO）已经在许多水的纯化领域得到应用。包括海水淡化、市政饮用水、电力、一般工业以及电子超纯水。反渗透膜元件是由具有半渗透性的超薄复合膜卷制而成的原水在压力驱动下流经反渗透膜时，水透过反渗透膜而获得纯净的产水，溶解的无机离子则被截留在进水一侧形成浓水，从而实现原水的脱盐纯化。电除盐（EDI）是一种无需使用酸碱、利用直流电源从原水中连续去除离子的过程。它通常用于取代传统的混床，实现反渗透产水的深度脱盐。它的最大优点是消除了混床所需的酸碱，避免了酸碱废水对环境的污染。EDI能够生产出15~<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="m" sourcevalue="18" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0">18M</chmetcnv>Ω•cm的超纯水，满足电力、电子、医药、化工等行业的用水需求。<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3.9pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-top: .25gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .25gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm;">三、全膜法在高井热电中的应用大唐高井热电厂循环排污水回用项目属于热电行业的水回用。该项目的水源是电厂的循环排污水，规模为<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="m3" sourcevalue="150" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0">150 m3</chmetcnv>/h。它是电力行业中第一个采用全膜法工艺将循环水排污水处理成锅炉补给水的经典案例。这个化学车间彻底消除了酸碱系统，代表了当今电厂锅炉补给水处理的先进方向。原水系高井电厂循环水排污水。该循环水补水为永定河河水，含有一定的有机物（COD）以及悬浮物，具有含盐量高、硬度高、碱度高的特点，且水中投加了一定量的缓蚀阻垢剂。
本系统设计将循环水排污水经过超滤去除悬浮物、胶体等后，再经反渗透脱除大部分无机盐，最后经离子交换系统处理，得到高纯水。高井电厂超滤元件采用欧梅塞尔公司生产的OMEXELL SFP 2640型超滤元件，由浙江欧美环境工程公司提供成套设备，采用3套超滤装置。平时运行时采用3套一同运行的方式，在某一套超滤进行化学清洗时，其余两套能够满足系统出水需求。经过建成投产，高井电厂的循环水经过“盘滤－超滤”系统处理后，产水的SDI值一直稳定在3以下，大多数时间在2左右；超滤系统采用死端（全流）过滤、自动定时反洗、气洗的方式运行，回收率达到95%以上。超滤系统的运行期间基本上每3个月进行一次化学清洗， 3个月的清洗周期是比较令人满意的。化学清洗后，超滤的运行压差比清洗前显著降低，基本恢复到运行初始水平。<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3.9pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-para-margin-top: .25gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .25gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm;">四、综述膜技术是一门崭新的跨学科实用化技术。半个世纪以来，膜技术已成功地在海水、苦咸水淡化，纯水、超纯水制备以及工业废水处理、中水回用等方面得到规模化应用。此外，它在食品加工、医药制造以及化学工业的许多方面都有极佳表现，被公认为是21世纪最有前途的高新技术之一。水质是决定水的用途的关键因素，单一的物化或生化处理很难达到各种不同用途的回用要求。采用膜法水处理技术与其它技术的嫁接，可以实现市政污水和工业废水的综合利用。而它们的组合工艺－全膜法水处理工艺是使污水得到回用的一个重要途径，它确保了污水回用处理工艺的广泛适应性和低成本的运行和维护。膜法水处理工艺因产水水质好，效率高，占地少等优点，必将在污水回用处理领域得到广泛应用。[/Post]

HS · 发表于 2008-12-22 09:30:42

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